Summer is a busy time for outdoor activities, increasing the odds of sunburns, insect bites and other potential hazards. We reached out to Dr. Natalie Yvonne Nasser, a dermatologist at Kaiser Permanente, Riverside, for skin care advice and other health-related tips.
Question: Among summertime health hazards, we’re guessing that sunburns are near the top of the list. What are the most effective things people can do to avoid getting a sunburn?
Answer: I would recommend applying a thicker coat of sunscreen than what you’re used to, about a shot glass full for the body, and a tablespoon full for the face, ears and neck.
Also, don’t forget to reapply at least every two hours, and more often after swimming or excessive sweating. I usually carry around a sunscreen stick for quicker reapplications.
For ladies who wear makeup, sunscreen powders are also available. These are great for touch ups throughout the day. And don’t forget your part line as the scalp can burn easily.
It’s so important to seek shade. And remember that UVA can pass through windows (not UVB). UVA contributes to skin cancer and also to premature aging of the skin, including wrinkles and brown spots!
Avoid the peak hours of sun, from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Plan your outdoor work or play around the cooler times of day.
When working outside, drink plenty of water and take lots of breaks. Make sure your most sensitive parts, like the ears and tops of your feet, are protected. And don’t forget the top of your head! This is a common place we see skin cancers, especially in older men with thinning hair.

Please don’t forget the protective clothing: broad-brimmed hat, thin long sleeve shirt and long pants, or a cover up made for the sun. There are a number of companies that manufacture special material for clothing that is treated for UV protection (often marked UPF 50+).
They even make long one-piece bathing suits for kids, cutting down on the amount of sunscreen you need to apply to these squirmy little ones. I put my children in the pool with their waterproof sun hats on too.
Regarding sunscreen ingredients, a good rule of thumb is to look for zinc oxide and/or titanium dioxide. These are both physical blockers with broad coverage across the full UV spectrum.
Always look for a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF of 30 or higher. Preferably one that is water resistant if you’re planning to get wet or sweat a lot.
Question: If you do get a sunburn, what are the best treatment options?
Answer: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) can help the inflammation, as can a cortisone/steroid cream (either over the counter or a stronger one by prescription). I recommend keeping it chilled in the refrigerator so it cools down your sunburned skin when you apply it.
Drink plenty of water and get enough protein, as well as other nutrients and electrolytes. Get some rest and stay cool.
Don’t try to peel off the skin yourself. Let it heal on its own. Soothing skin moisturizers/emollients can also help.
Make sure they’re bland without a lot of extra ingredients like fragrances or preservatives.
I recommend seeking professional help if you have severe blistering and/or skin ulcerations, severely painful skin, or systemic symptoms like fever, chills, or if you’re generally feeling unwell with your sunburn.
Question: Summer seems to be when mosquitoes are most active. Are there natural mosquito repellents that actually work?
Answer: Plant-derived repellents usually don’t measure up to the tried and true chemical repellent DEET, which is considered to be the most effective option. DEET has been repeatedly proven to protect from a variety of insect bites and insect-borne diseases.
It is the most commonly recommended ingredient by physicians for the best protection against bites.
Question: What about stings from bees and wasps? Is it possible to know in advance if you’re allergic to them?
Answer: Unfortunately, you can’t really know ahead of time if you’re allergic to them unless you’ve experienced a reaction previously.
Symptoms to be on the lookout for: redness and swelling out of proportion to the usual insect bite. Itching that is more severe or more generalized.
Hives starting to develop on other areas of the body. Any systemic symptoms like lip/tongue/throat swelling and difficulty breathing or swallowing. And generally feeling unwell, including dizziness, low blood pressure or low pulse.
Emergency treatment should be sought right away.
For typical insect bites, I would recommend cleaning them and applying a cortisone/steroid cream or ointment (weaker ones are available over the counter, or stronger more effective ones are available by prescription). These really help with the itching, and also with the inflammation. Keep bites covered and protected to avoid scratching them! Scratching will only cause more redness and swelling.
Taking an oral antihistamine can help with the itching and swelling. If severe, a doctor may prescribe you a systemic steroid like prednisone.
Question: How common are heat-related illnesses in the urgent care and/or emergency room at Kaiser Riverside?
Answer: Given Riverside’s especially warm climate, heat-related injuries are seen a fair amount of time in the urgent care and ER. The people most commonly affected are the very young and the very old, as wellas those who have chronic medical conditions or are taking certain medications, which make them more susceptible.
Whether you’re at work or play out in the heat, you should always seek shade and wear protective clothing, take lots of breaks, drink plenty of water, and if you’re feeling any signs of heat exhaustion, please listen to your body and get out of the sun right away.
Get into a cool safer place. Speak up and take action before things get worse.
Stay safe this summer!
Editor’s note: A version of this story appeared in the summer 2018 issue of Riverside Magazine.